CHILDHOOD OCCIPITAL EPILEPSY (GASTAUT TYPE)

Overview
Log In For Videos
Give Feedback
Seizure Classification
Generalized onset seizure
- Motor Onset
- Non-Motor Onset
Focal Onset Seizure
- By Onset Feature
- Focal to Bilateral Tonic-Clonic
- Hemispheric lateralization
- Lobar localization
  - Frontal
  - Temporal
  - Parietal
  - Occipital
Unknown Onset Seizure
Epilepsy Classification
Generalized Epilepsy
Focal Epilepsy
Generalized and Focal Epilepsy
Unknown Epilepsy
Epilepsy Syndromes
Neonatal/Infantile
- Self-limited neonatal seizures and Self-limited familial neonatal epilepsy
- Self limited familial and non-familial infantile epilepsy
- Early myoclonic encephalopathy
- Ohtahara syndrome
- West syndrome
- Dravet syndrome
- Myoclonic epilepsy in infancy
- Epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures
- Myoclonic encephalopathy in non-progressive disorders
- Febrile seizures plus, genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus
Childhood
- Epilepsy with myoclonic-atonic seizures
- Epilepsy with eyelid myoclonias
- Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
- Childhood absence epilepsy
- Epilepsy with myoclonic absences
- Panayiotopoulos syndrome
- Childhood occipital epilepsy (Gastaut type)
- Photosensitive occipital lobe epilepsy
- Childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
- Atypical childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
- Epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spike-and-wave during sleep
- Landau-Kleffner syndrome
- Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy
Adolescent/Adult
- Juvenile absence epilepsy
- Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
- Epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures alone
- Autosomal dominant epilepsy with auditory features
- Other familial temporal lobe epilepsies
Any Age
- Familial focal epilepsy with variable foci
- Reflex epilepsies
- Progressive myoclonus epilepsies
Epilepsy Etiologies
Genetic Etiology
- Chromosomal abnormalities
- Gene abnormalities
Structural Etiology
- Malformations of cortical development
- Vascular malformations
- Hippocampal sclerosis
- Hypoxic-Ischemic
- Traumatic brain injury
- Tumors
- Porencephalic Cyst
Metabolic Etiology
Immune Etiology
- Rasmussen syndrome
- Antibody mediated
Infectious Etiology
Unknown Etiology
- Febrile infection related epilepsy syndrome
Epilepsy imitators

CHILDHOOD OCCIPITAL EPILEPSY (GASTAUT TYPE)

Background

The background EEG is normal.

Interictal

Occipital spike or spike-and-wave is seen in the interictal EEG of the majority of patients with this syndrome, but may only occur in the sleep EEG. Centrotemporal, frontal or generalized spike-and-wave may co-exist (seen in 20% of cases).

CAUTION Epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spike-and-wave during sleep can occur as a co-morbid disorder right arrow consider a sleep EEG in cases that develop cognitive deterioration.

Activation

Fixation-off sensitivity (facilitation of epileptiform discharges with elimination of central vision) is seen in 20-90% of patients. Giant somatosensory spikes may occur. EEG abnormality is enhanced by sleep deprivation and by sleep. It is debated whether a response to intermittent photic stimulation can be seen in this syndrome or is exclusionary.

Ictal

At ictal onset, there is a reduction in the usual background occipital spike or spike-and-wave with the sudden appearance of occipital faster rhythms with spikes of low amplitude. There may be slower spike-and-wave during oculo-clonic seizures or ictal blindness.